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Charles Fox Parham
Charles F. Parham (June 4, 1873 – c. January 29, 1929〔While some feel Parham's exact death date is obscure, details and timing shown in the biography "The Life of Charles F Parham" (p413), written by his wife, confirm January 29, 1929 as the date of his death. In addition to providing his exact date of death, the biography provides dates for a number of events prior to and following his death which confirm the date. The obscurity concerning the date of Parham's death may relate to the low profile of his passing away - to prevent an adverse reaction by those who were against Parham, he was buried in a simple grave, the location was not advertised, and it was not until later that a larger, more public, marker was placed over his grave.〕) was an American preacher and evangelist. Together with William J. Seymour, Parham was one of the two central figures in the development and early spread of Pentecostalism. It was Parham who associated glossolalia with the baptism in the Holy Spirit, a theological connection crucial to the emergence of Pentecostalism as a distinct movement. Parham's ideas continue to spark controversy, especially regarding his attitudes and beliefs on race by inviting both African Americans and Mexican Americans to join his new movement.〔Eddie L. Hyatt (Fall 2004), ("Across the Lines: Charles Parham's Contribution to the Inter-Racial Character of Early Pentecostalism" ), ''Pneuma Review''.〕 Parham was the first preacher to articulate Pentecostalism's distinctive doctrine of evidential tongues, and to expand the movement. Goff argues that Parham was shaped by the frontier culture of Kansas, which incorporated a thriving popular evangelicalism. Parham used contemporary theological ideas to craft a message that addressed the felt needs of the profoundly religious but economically poor people of Kansas.〔Goff, 1988〕 However, his influence in the emerging pentecostalist movement waned after an unproven charge of homosexual sodomy was made against him.
==Personal life==
Parham, one of five sons of William and Ann Parham, was born in Muscatine, Iowa, on June 4, 1873 and moved with his family to Cheney, Kansas, by covered wagon in 1883. William Parham owned land, raised cattle, and eventually purchased a business in town. Parham's mother died in 1885. The next year his father married Harriet Miller, the daughter of a Methodist circuit rider. Harriet was a devout Christian, and the Parhams opened their home for "religious activities".〔Blumhofer 1993, p. 44.〕 He married Sarah Thistlewaite, the daughter of a Quaker. Their engagement was in summer of 1896, and they were married December 31, 1896, in a Friends' ceremony.
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